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Glia. 2003 Jun;42(4):379-89.
Human malignant glioma cells express semaphorins and their receptors, neuropilins and plexins.
Rieger J, Wick W, Weller M.
Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany.
Semaphorins comprise a family of molecules implicated in the guiding of growing axons and neuronal progenitor cells. Further, semaphorins have been suggested to play a role in cancer metastasis. Neuropilins 1 and 2 are cell surface receptors for soluble class 3 semaphorins. Plexins are direct receptors for membrane-bound semaphorins and, by binding to neuropilins, coreceptors necessary for class 3 semaphorin signaling. We here report that human malignant glioma cell lines express neuropilins 1 and 2 mRNA and protein, as well as either plexin A1, A2, or B1. Further, all glioma cell lines express SEMA3A and SEMA3C and exhibit SEMA3A binding sites. Exogenous SEMA3A expressed in 293 or U87MG cells has no collapsing or chemorepulsive activities on glioma cells as determined by F-actin staining and collagen coculture assays. In summary, human glioma cells express class 3 semaphorins and receptors for soluble and membrane-bound semaphorins, suggesting a possible role of the semaphorin/neuropilin system in the interactions of human malignant glioma with the host's central nervous and immune systems. 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12730958&dopt=Abstract
Ann Neurol. 2003 May;53(5):570-9.
Anti-GM1 IgG antibodies induce leukocyte effector functions via Fcgamma receptors.
van Sorge NM, van den Berg LH, Geleijns K, van Strijp JA, Jacobs BC, van Doorn PA, Wokke JH, van de Winkel JG, Leusen JH, van der Pol WL.
Department of Neurology and Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated neuropathy, in which leukocytes and humoral components of the immune system proposedly initiate localized inflammation. An important pathogenic role for anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies has been suggested. Therefore, we evaluated anti-GM1 IgG antibody-induced leukocyte effector functions such as degranulation and phagocytosis using serum of 24 GBS patients. Serum without anti-GM1 antibodies of 9 GBS patients as well as pooled serum from healthy individuals served as controls. Ten out of 15 (67%) of anti-GM1 IgG positive sera were capable of inducing leukocyte degranulation, and 8 out of 15 (53%) of anti-GM1 IgG positive sera were capable of inducing phagocytosis of GM1-coated beads. In all of these sera anti-GM1 antibody titers were >or=1:800. No leukocyte degranulation or phagocytosis was observed in control sera. Leukocyte activation was completely abrogated in the presence of IgG receptor (FcgammaR) blocking antibodies, suggesting a crucial role for leukocyte FcgammaR in GBS pathogenesis. No correlation of antibody titers with the extent of leukocyte activation, or severity of disease was observed. These data document the capacity of anti-GM1 IgG antibodies to activate leukocyte inflammatory functions, and suggest an important role for anti-ganglioside IgG antibodies in the pathogenesis of GBS.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12730990&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Immunol. 2003 May;33(5):1145-51.
Stable expression of MHC class I heavy chain/HLA-DO complexes at the plasma membrane.
van Lith M, van Ham M, Neefjes J.
Division of Tumor Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules present antigenic fragments to the immune system. MHC-like chaperones, like HLA-DM, HLA-DO and tapasin support peptide loading. HLA class I heavy chains require association with beta 2-microglobulin and peptide for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit. Likewise, HLA-DO is only able to leave the ER by association to DM. Here we show that HLA-DO and free MHC class I heavy chains associate into a stable complex early during biosynthesis and are expressed at the plasma membrane as a complex. These DO/heavy chain complexes are found on DO-transfected cells and on low amounts on human B cells.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12731039&dopt=Abstract
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Jan 15;409(2):402-10.
Latent phenoloxidase activity and N-terminal amino acid sequence of hemocyanin from Bathynomus giganteus, a primitive crustacean.
Pless DD, Aguilar MB, Falcon A, Lozano-Alvarez E, Heimer de la Cotera EP.
Instituto de Neurobiologi;a, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Queretaro, Qro., Mexico. plesalli.cnb.unam.mx
N-terminal amino acid sequences for the two hemocyanin subunits from the deep-sea crustacean Bathynomus giganteus have been determined by Edman degradation, providing the first sequence information for a hemocyanin from an isopod. In addition, purified hemocyanin from B. giganteus exhibited phenoloxidase activity in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Although a natural activator has not yet been identified, a preliminary study of the enzyme indicated a K(m) of 5mM for dopamine and an initial rate of 0.1 micromol per min per mg protein, values consistent with a significant role for this enzyme in the innate immune system of B. giganteus. Moreover, after separation of hemolymph by alkaline polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the only detectable phenoloxidase activity coincided with the two hemocyanin subunits. The hemocyanin of this primitive crustacean may fulfill dual functions, both as oxygen carrier and as the phenoloxidase crucial for host defense.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12504908&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Immunol. 2003 May;33(5):1393-8.
Redundant functions of TCF-1 and LEF-1 during T and NK cell development, but unique role of TCF-1 for Ly49 NK cell receptor acquisition.
Held W, Clevers H, Grosschedl R.
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland. whelsrec.unil.ch
Members of the TCF/LEF (T cell factor / lymphoid enhancer factor) family of DNA-binding factors play important roles during embryogenesis, the establishment and/or maintenance of self-renewing tissues such as the immune system and for malignant transformation. Specifically, it has been shown that TCF-1 is required for T cell development. A role for LEF-1 became apparent when mice harbored two hypomorphic TCF-1 alleles and consequently expressed low levels of TCF-1. Here we show that NK cell development is similarly regulated by redundant functions of TCF-1 and LEF-1, whereby TCF-1 contributes significantly more to NK cell development than LEF-1. Despite this role for NK cell development, LEF-1 is not required for the establishment of a repertoire of MHC class I-specific Ly49 receptors on NK cells. The proper formation of this repertoire depends to a large extent on TCF-1. These findings suggest common and distinct functions of TCF-1 and LEF-1 during lymphocyte development.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12731066&dopt=Abstract
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