Drugs online research references
Life Sci. 1988;43(5):413-20.
Suncus murinus as a new experimental model for motion sickness.
Ueno S, Matsuki N, Saito H.
Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan.
Characteristics of motion sickness and effects of possible prophylactic drugs were studied using Suncus murinus (house musk shrew) for its potential use as an experimental model in motion sickness. Mild reciprocal shaking (amplitude: 10-40 mm; frequency: 0.5-3.0 Hz) induced vomiting in most of Suncus murinus within 2 min. Adaptation was observed when the motion stimulus was repeated with an interval of 2 to 3 days. During the repetitive motion training, both the ratio of sensitive animals and the number of vomiting episodes decreased, and the time from the start of shaking to the first vomiting was extended. Subcutaneous injection of scopolamine (100 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (8 mg/kg), promethazine (50 mg/kg), diphenhydramine (20 mg/kg), chlorphenylamine (20 mg/kg) and methamphetamine (2 mg/kg) decreased the emetic effect of motion sickness, but pyrilamine (20 mg/kg), meclizine (20 mg/kg) and dimenhydrinate (32 mg/kg) were not effective or very weak. These results indicate that the Suncus murinus is sensitive to the motion stimulus and antiemetic drugs are effective as prophylaxis. The Suncus murinus is useful as a new experimental animal model for motion sickness.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2899827&dopt=Abstract
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1980 Aug;24(4):325-30.
Failure of intramuscularly administered lorazepam and scopolamine-morphine premedication to produce amnesic effects to supplement conduction anaesthesia.
Korttila K, Levanen J, Auvinen J.
Patients undergoing surgery under regional anaesthesia often prefer to be sedated and do not later want to recall the procedure. One hundred and twenty-one patients scheduled for various surgical procedures under epidural, spinal, sacral, or brachial plexus blockades received 1 mg/kg of pethidine, 0.007 mg/kg of scopolamine, plus 0.14 mg/kg of morphine, or 0.03 mg/kg or 0.06 mg/kg or lorazepam intramuscularly as preanaesthetic medication before the operation. The patients's self-assessments of degree of fatigue and apprehension were similar after each premedication when assessed before operation. Postoperative anxiety and confusion as well as need for postoperative care and supervision were greatest after 0.06mg/kg of lorazepam. Significantly (P smaller than 0.05 to P smaller than 0.01) fewer patients given 0.06 mg/kg or lorazepam remembered different events and procedures carried out on them before and after operation than those given other premedications, but no significant differences were noted in patients' ability to recall the performance of operation when asked on the following day. Seventy-seven, 63, and 57% of patients receiving 0.06 mg/kg of lorazepam remembered the start of blockade, performance of operation, and stay in recovery room, respectively. Intravenous sedation should be preferred to these intramuscularly administered premedications if drug-induced amnesia is sought to supplement local anaesthetic techniques.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6110302&dopt=Abstract
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1993;53(1):243-50.
Scopolamine impairs object exploration but not habituation in rats.
Lukaszewska I.
Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
Memory of a novel object was examined in saline (Sal) and scopolamine (Scopo) treated rats (1.0 mg/kg). Scopo rats showed lower overall exploration time than Sal rats, resulting mainly from shorter durations per contact. In a second exposure to the same object, after 1 min or 20 min interval, both groups displayed marked decrease of exploration indicating between-session habituation. The shorter time spent by Scopo rats on investigation of an object during a single approach might be interpreted as a deficit in maintenance of attention. Nevertheless, Scopo rats were able to acquire sufficient information for the retention during 20 min interval, as indicated by habituation, which is an elementary index of memory.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8317253&dopt=Abstract
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